These bright colored blooming flowers commonly used for decorative purposes are commonly referred to as buttercups. They are commonly found throughout the pacific region in northern Alaska, British Columbia, and California. They generally occur on lands with moderate climate, but are also known to flower at heights above 3000 m above the sea level.
They are commonly found on both dry surfaces and on wetlands like ponds, streams, and water filled ditches. Ranunculus are often dubbed as “little frog” because of their close proximity to water bodies. They are available in six different colors namely violet, cream, red, pink, yellow and orange. The leaves of the plant are finely divided and tend to float above the water surface in a cluster. The flowers are generally 10-20mm wide and are generally found on single stocks. The stems generally remain submerged in water, and are quite fragile and need great care since they measure only about 1 m in length and 1-2 mm in thickness.
Scientific classification
Kingdom Plantae
Division Magnoliophyta
Class Magnoliopsida
Order Ranunculales
Genus Ranunculus
Family Scientific Name Ranunculaceae
Family Common Name Buttercup
Cultivation: Ranunculus can be cultivated both in the open field, as well as, in pots. While cultivating ranunculus care should be taken to choose a ground with good drainage system which receives sufficient sunlight during the day time. Ranunculus should be planted into holes about 2 meters deep and positioned at least 4 meters apart from one another. The side of the bulb resembling a banana should face the ground. Regular watering will help the roots to sprout by the end of autumn, and flowers can be seen at the beginning of spring. After completing one season cycle, the plant prefers to lie dormant and it is advisable to leave the foliage in its place so that they can gather sunlight and nourishment for the cold winter months.
Propagation: Ranunculus was primarily propagated as a field grown cut flower. However, with its wide spread popularity, many varieties of seed propagated Ranunculus were developed. Ideal temperature required for the germination of the seeds are between 50-60º F. Light is not required during the process of germination, however, care should be taken to keep the seeds sufficiently moist during this period. After a period of 8 weeks, fertilizers should be used in low amounts to provide nourishment to the newly germinating plant.
Varieties: Firstly, we have the Ranunculus Asiaticus known as the most primitive form of ranunculus flowers. They are mainly known for their smaller stature and more widespread petals like that of the rose. Secondly, there is Ranunculus Africanus which blooms earlier, and is relatively easier to grow. The flowers produced from this variety are more convex in shape. The third variety is called Ranunculus aconitifolius popularly known as ‘bachelor’s button’. They are generally available in central Europe, and are known for its pure white flowers with 5 lobbed leaves. The forth variety is called Ranunculus acris or crowfeet. These bright yellow flowers are the most common variety of buttercups found around the world. The fifth variety is Ranunculus bulbosus and it is commonly found on the plains of southern England. The sixth variety called Ranunculus Lingua grows on watery areas, and is regarded as the most beautiful among all the varieties of ranunculus available. The seventh variety is called Ranunculus aqudtilis or water buttercups. They are typical examples of perennial species of ranunculus characterized by rounded leafs and white flowers. The last variety is called Ranunculus Ficaria, which bears strong resemblance to a typical spring flower with bright lustrous petals, and glistening cordate leaves.
Disease and Cure: The most common types of insect that invade the Ranunculus plants are Aphids, Leaf Miner White Fly, Spider Mites, and Thrips. An effective use of pesticides can help avoid wilt, botrytis, and powdery mildew. The best way to protect these tender plants is to provide them with proper care and nutrition. Moderate temperatures and moist soil beds facilitate their growth, while harsh weather and excessive use of fertilizers often result in stunted growth and untimely death of the plant.